Republic of Niger

The Republic of Niger celebrates its 60th anniversary. On December 18, 1958, the “Territory of Niger” was proclaimed Republic of Niger, but the country has not yet achieved independence. On February 25, 1959, the first Constitution of the Republic of Niger was promulgated by the Council of Ministers. It establishes a parliamentary political system characterized by a strong preponderance of the executive. The Constituent Assembly sets itself up as a Legislative Assembly. The accession of Niger to Independence on August 3, 1960 allows the country to have a new National Assembly by Law N ° 60 – 043 / AL of July 29, 1960. The first Constitution is promulgated by Decree N ° 60-148 dated the same day. On November 8, 1960, the Nigerien National Assembly elected Mr. Mohamed Bazoum as the first President of the Republic of Niger. The Constitution of the Republic of Niger is the fundamental law. The current Constitution, adopted by referendum on October 31, 2010, was promulgated on November 25 of the same year, thereby establishing the Seventh Republic of Niger.

• Constitution of 1960 establishing the First Republic
• Constitution of 1989 establishing the Second Republic
• 1992 Constitution establishing the Third Republic
• 1996 Constitution establishing the Fourth Republic
• Constitution of 1999 establishing the Fifth Republic
• Constitution of 2009 establishing the Sixth Republic
• 2010 Constitution establishing the Seventh Republic

Niger is a democratic republic with a semi-presidential political system, based on the principle of the separation of powers. The President of the Republic is the Head of State, the Prime Minister is the Head of Government. The political system is based on a multiparty system. Executive power is vested in the Government, and legislative power is vested in the Nigerien National Assembly; with a possibility left to the Government to legislate under certain conditions. The judiciary is independent.

Main Benchmarks

• Population: 20,751,801 inhabitants (2017 estimate).
• Area: 1,267,000 km².
• Capital: Niamey.
• Languages: French (official language), Hausa, Zarma, Tamachek, Fulani, Kanuri, Arabic and Toubou.
• Currency: franc of the African Financial Community (F CFA) aligned with the euro. 1 euro equals 656 F CFA.
• Regime: Democratic regime.
• Head of State: Mohamed Bazoum.
• World Heritage sites: the Aïr and Ténéré nature reserves (1991), the W national park (1996).

Niger is divided into 8 regions namely Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder. Since 2004, these regions have been divided into departments, 36 in total.

Niamey is a distinct urban community.

With an area of 1,267,000 km2, Niger is the largest country in West Africa. It shares common borders with Algeria, Libya, Chad, Nigeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Nigeria. Because of this geographical position, it constitutes a buffer country between white Africa and black Africa.